Table 2 Effects of SGLT-2i on modifiable risk factors before and after one year of treatment

Effects on glycemic balance

Fasting blood glucose (mg%)

180.00 (154.50–207.00)

130.00 (117.50–150.00)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

8.40 (7.98–9.15)

7.30 (6.90–7.95)

< 0.001

Effects on body weight

Weight (kg)

90.50 (82.00-106.50)

89.00 (77.50–100.00)

0.018

BMI (kg/m²)

32.87 (29.24–36.45)

31.00 (27.74–34.71)

< 0.001

AC (cm)

107.05 ± 16.39

102.50 ± 15.11

0.042

WSR

1.67 (1.60–1.74)

2.79 (2.56–3.01)

0.057

Effects on the cardiovascular system (blood pressure and cardiac failure)

SBP (mmHg)

140.00 (130.00-160.00)

120.00 (115.50–130.00)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

80.00 (72.00–90.00)

72.00 (70.00–78.00)

< 0.001

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

146.00 (122.50-170.50)

136.00 (112.50-160.50)

0.005

Effects on renal function

GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

75.00 (60.00-88.50)

89.00 (70.00–92.00)

< 0.001

Albuminuria (mg/day)

179.00 (163.00-251.25)

169.00 (12.00-184.00)

0.002

UACR (mg/g)

23.98 (19.76–36.85)

19.39 (1.30-24.29)

< 0.001

Effects on lipid metabolism

HDLc (mg%)

45.00 (37.00–52.00)

50.00 (43.00-56.50)

0.039

LDLc (mg%)

88.50 (69.50-103.50)

91.50 (70.00-114.85)

0.640

Effects on inflammation

CRP (mg/dL)

68.00 (56.25–80.25)

34.00 (28.12–40.12)

< 0.001