Table 1 Risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool
Study, Year (reference) | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Overall assessment of risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weizman et al. 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
McIntyre et al. 2021 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Wadden et al. 2011 | Low | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Jain et al. 2002 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Hong et al. 2016 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Cho et al. 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Hollander et al. 2013 | Low | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Halseth et al. 2016 | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Lyu et al. 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Bajaj et al. 2020 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Greenway et al. 2009 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Greenway et al. 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Apovian et al. 2013 | Low | High | High | Low | High | Low | High |
Nissen et al. 2016 | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Gadde et al. 2001 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Smith et al. 2013 | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Croft et al. 2002 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Grilo et al. 2022 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Anderson et al. 2002 | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Wharton et al. 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Settle et al. 1999 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Weihs et al. 2002 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Grilo et al. 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
White et al. 2013 | Low | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Billes et al. 2011 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |