Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of participants in the STEPS study from 2007 to 2016, by obesity and dyslipidemia
From: The synergistic effect of obesity and dyslipidemia on hypertension: results from the STEPS survey
Variables | Total (n = 40,387) | General obesity (BMI) | Central obesity (WC) | Dyslipidemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes(n = 9,656) | No(n = 30,051) | Yes(n = 16,182) | Yes(n = 23,564) | Yes(n = 32,258) | No(n = 8,129) | ||
Age (year) | 41.56 (11.44) | 44.45 (10.84) | 40.69 (11.46) | 44.98 (11.08) | 39.53 (11.15) | 41.94 (11.41) | 40.15 (11.42) |
Sex†| |||||||
Male | 18,444 (46.90) | 2,788 (31.39) | 15,436 (52.12) | 3,402 (23.60) | 14,846 (61.85) | 13,835 (44.22) | 4,609 (56.65) |
Female | 21,943 (53.10) | 6,868 (68.61) | 14,615 (47.88) | 12,780 (76.40) | 8,718 (38.15) | 18,423 (55.78) | 3,520 (43.35) |
Residence†| |||||||
Urban | 24,683 (69.20) | 6,608 (74.67) | 17,670 (67.70) | 10,634 (72.12) | 13,674 (67.66) | 20,140 (70.35) | 4,543 (65.02) |
Rural | 15,704 (30.80) | 3,048 (25.33) | 12,381 (32.30) | 5,548 (27.88) | 9,890 (32.34) | 12,118 (29.65) | 3,586 (34.98) |
Physical activity†| |||||||
Low | 16,637 (42.12) | 4,445 (44.05) | 11,881 (41.07) | 7,498 (44.60) | 8,851 (40.04) | 13,574 (42.99) | 3,063 (38.93) |
Moderate | 9,508 (24.77 ) | 2,307 (24.45) | 7,149 (25.05) | 4,101 (26.57) | 5,357 (23.85) | 7,719 (25.01) | 1,789 (23.91) |
High | 13,901 (33.11) | 2,893 (31.50) | 10,952 (33.88) | 4,567 (28.82) | 9,285 (36.11) | 10,706 (32.00) | 3,195 (37.16) |
Smoking (yes)†| 4,660 (11.63) | 536 (6.10) | 4,102 (13.56) | 774 (5.39) | 3,866 (15.73) | 3,601 (11.51) | 1,059 (12.06) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.79 (5.26) | 33.83 (4.06) | 24.59 (3.29) | 30.90 (4.60) | 24.25 (3.85) | 27.34 (5.24) | 24.82 (4.84) |
WC (cm) | 90.27 (13.59) | 103.51 (10.76) | 86.12 (11.57) | 101.76 (9.95) | 83.14 (10.26) | 91.56 (13.44) | 85.59 (13.11) |
SBP (mmHg) | 123.93 (18.21) | 129.96 (19.22) | 122.12 (17.48) | 128.89 (19.44) | 120.95 (16.71) | 124.74 (18.57) | 120.97 (16.50) |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.70 (11.84) | 82.44 (11.94) | 77.61 (11.56) | 81.68 (11.96) | 76.94 (11.39) | 79.28 (11.99) | 76.63 (11.06) |
Hypertension (yes)†| 10,199 (22.34) | 3,530 (34.13) | 6,632 (18.80) | 5,629 (32.55) | 4,540 (16.17) | 8,690 (23.94) | 1,509 (16.54) |
TC (mg/dL) | 175.90 (41.80) | 172.35 (40.63) | 187.35 (43.37) | 185.95 (44.17) | 169.70 (38.97) | 180.30 (44.58) | 159.91 (23.38) |
TG (mg/dL) | 146.51 (86.18) | 169.91 (92.62) | 139.36 (82.88) | 162.96 (92.99) | 136.51 (80.20) | 162.04 (90.34) | 90.12 (26.60) |
LDL-C(mg/dL) | 105.48 (33.99) | 114.40 (34.89) | 102.74 (33.24) | 113.23 (35.51) | 100.73 (32.13) | 110.50 (35.19) | 87.27 (20.71) |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42.44 (11.37) | 41.41 (11.46) | 42.74 (11.29) | 42.08 (11.46) | 42.62 (11.27) | 39.55 (10.03) | 52.94 (9.67) |
FPG (mg/dL) | 95.42 (31.88) | 101.47 (35.38) | 93.60 (30.51) | 101.17 (36.32) | 91.98 (28.34) | 96.92 (33.69) | 90.00 (23.37) |
Diabetes (yes) | 4,788 (10.85) | 1,780 (17.63) | 2,948 (8.80) | 2,939 (17.46) | 1,803 (6.87) | 4,239 (12.26) | 549 (5.70) |
Cooking oil type†| |||||||
Liquid | 19,191 (53.80) | 5,049 (56.59) | 13,872 (52.75) | 8,256 (55.30) | 10,687 (52.66) | 15,488 (54.22) | 3,703 (52.29) |
Solid | 20,288 (44.76) | 4,447 (41.73) | 15,709 (45.88) | 7,662 (43.18) | 12,507 (45.95) | 16,035 (44.36) | 4,253 (46.22) |
Other | 596 (1.44) | 149 (1.68) | 441 (1.36) | 246 (1.51) | 344 (1.39) | 486 (1.42) | 110 (1.49) |
Fruits consumption(average per day) | 1.89 (1.35) | 1.92 (1.30) | 1.88 (1.36) | 1.88 (1.30) | 1.89 (1.38) | 1.90 (1.36) | 1.83 (1.29) |
Vegetables consumption (average per day) | 1.60 (1.23) | 1.64 (1.20) | 1.60 (1.24) | 1.62 (1.21) | 1.60 (1.25) | 1.62 (1.23) | 1.56 (1.21) |