Table 1 Clinical features of all recruited patients with T2D
From: Connections between body composition and dysregulation of islet α- and β-cells in type 2 diabetes
Variables | Total | Men | Women | Test statistic | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 729 | 414 | 315 | ||
Age (year) | 55.5 ± 10.8 | 54.4 ± 10.7 | 56.9 ± 10.7 | − 3.174 | 0.002 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.70 ± 3.60 | 25.80 ± 3.28 | 25.56 ± 3.98 | 0.898 | 0.370 |
SBP (mmHg) | 134.0 ± 15.2 | 134.1 ± 14.9 | 133.9 ± 15.7 | 0.211 | 0.833 |
DBP (mmHg) | 81.2 ± 9.9 | 82.3 ± 9.7 | 79.7 ± 10.0 | 3.451 | 0.001 |
Diabetes duration (year) | 6.0 (3.0− 10.0) | 5.0 (2.0− 10.0) | 7.0 (3.0− 10.0) | − 1.775 | 0.076 |
Antidiabetic treatments | |||||
Drug naive, n (%) | 128 (17.6) | 79 (19.1) | 49 (15.6) | 1.537 | 0.215 |
Insulin, n (%) | 262 (35.9) | 145 (35.0) | 117 (37.1) | 0.349 | 0.555 |
Secretagogues, n (%) | 232 (31.8) | 124 (30.0) | 108 (34.3) | 1.549 | 0.213 |
Metformin, n (%) | 340 (46.6) | 178 (43.0) | 162 (51.4) | 5.112 | 0.024 |
TZDs, n (%) | 82 (11.2) | 50 (12.1) | 32 (10.2) | 0.660 | 0.417 |
AGIs, n (%) | 113 (15.5) | 61 (14.7) | 52 (16.5) | 0.430 | 0.512 |
DPP-4Is, n (%) | 62 (8.5) | 35 (8.5) | 27 (8.6) | 0.003 | 0.955 |
SGLT-2Is, n (%) | 105 (14.4) | 64 (15.5) | 41 (13.0) | 0.866 | 0.352 |
GLP-1RAs, n (%) | 45 (6.2) | 26 (6.3) | 19 (6.0) | 0.019 | 0.890 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 352 (48.3) | 205 (49.5) | 147 (46.7) | 0.582 | 0.446 |
Statins uses, n (%) | 132 (18.1) | 74 (17.9) | 58 (18.4) | 0.035 | 0.852 |
ALT (U/L) | 20 (14− 33) | 22 (15− 33) | 19 (13− 32) | 2.011 | 0.044 |
AST (U/L) | 18 (14− 25) | 18 (13− 25) | 19 (15− 25) | − 0.941 | 0.346 |
TBI (μmol/L) | 11.19 ± 4.83 | 11.87 ± 4.78 | 10.30 ± 4.76 | 4.405 | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 38.7 ± 4.3 | 39.1 ± 4.6 | 38.2 ± 3.9 | 2.741 | 0.006 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.90 (1.17− 3.22) | 1.87 (1.10− 3.44) | 1.93 (1.25− 2.88) | − 0.667 | 0.505 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.41 ± 1.08 | 4.33 ± 1.08 | 4.51 ± 1.07 | − 2.222 | 0.027 |
HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.27 | 1.09 ± 0.26 | 1.20 ± 0.26 | − 5.516 | < 0.001 |
LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.82 ± 0.90 | 2.79 ± 0.91 | 2.87 ± 0.89 | − 1.282 | 0.2000 |
UA (μmol/L) | 311.6 ± 102.2 | 331.0 ± 104.5 | 286.1 ± 93.3 | 6.016 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 122.4 ± 34.0 | 121.3 ± 33.3 | 123.9 ± 34.9 | − 1.019 | 0.308 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.37 ± 1.85 | 8.39 ± 1.88 | 8.33 ± 1.80 | 0.487 | 0.627 |
Bone-free mass (kg) | 69.71 ± 12.61 | 74.03 ± 11.53 | 64.04 ± 11.70 | 11.521 | < 0.001 |
Total fat mass (kg) | 21.72 ± 6.39 | 20.36 ± 5.74 | 23.51 ± 6.75 | − 6.781 | < 0.001 |
Total lean mass (kg) | 47.99 ± 9.29 | 53.67 ± 7.03 | 40.53 ± 6.08 | 26.478 | < 0.001 |
Total fat/lean ratio | 0.463 ± 0.144 | 0.377 ± 0.087 | 0.576 ± 0.124 | − 25.453 | < 0.001 |
Trunk fat mass (kg) | 12.29 ± 3.75 | 11.82 ± 3.63 | 12.90 ± 3.84 | − 3.862 | < 0.001 |
Trunk lean mass (kg) | 23.90 ± 4.49 | 26.47 ± 3.56 | 20.52 ± 3.16 | 23.438 | < 0.001 |
Trunk fat/lean ratio | 0.522 ± 0.157 | 0.444 ± 0.115 | 0.625 ± 0.144 | − 18.862 | < 0.001 |
Limb fat mass (kg) | 8.17 ± 2.91 | 7.22 ± 2.26 | 9.43 ± 3.18 | − 10.992 | < 0.001 |
Limb lean mass (kg) | 19.96 ± 4.61 | 22.83 ± 3.51 | 16.20 ± 2.85 | 27.380 | < 0.001 |
Limb fat/lean ratio | 0.430 ± 0.177 | 0.315 ± 0.080 | 0.581 ± 0.156 | − 29.852 | < 0.001 |
ASMI (kg/m2) | 7.10 ± 1.17 | 7.71 ± 0.96 | 6.30 ± 0.93 | 19.835 | < 0.001 |
ISIC-peptide | 649 (417− 1056) | 646 (421− 1045) | 658 (396− 1082) | − 1.497 | 0.134 |
lnISIC-peptide | 6.53 ± 0.69 | 6.52 ± 0.69 | 6.53 ± 0.70 | − 0.173 | 0.863 |
AUCC-peptide (ng/mL·h) | 8.76 (6.09− 13.19) | 8.38 (5.99− 12.70) | 9.15 (6.20− 13.97) | − 1.497 | 0.957 |
lnAUCC-peptide (ng/mL·h) | 2.17 ± 0.61 | 2.14 ± 0.60 | 2.21 ± 0.63 | − 1.502 | 0.133 |
Fasting Glucagon (pg/mL) | 121.0 ± 49.3 | 114.7 ± 48.9 | 129.3 ± 48.7 | − 3.998 | < 0.001 |
AUCglucagon (pg/mL·h) | 482.9 ± 179.3 | 461.6 ± 169.5 | 510.9 ± 188.0 | − 3.710 | < 0.001 |