Fig. 4

Didymin inhibits inflammation in PBCs. (A) Relative mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in INS-1 cells measured by (B) Western blot and (C) ELISA. (D) Immunofluorescence staining of TNF-α (green) and insulin (red) in pancreas. Scale bar = 20 μm. (E) Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 PA/DIO vs. PA + Didymin/DIO + Didymin. # P < 0.05, ### P < 0.001, #### P < 0.0001 control vs. PA/DIO.