Fig. 5

Associations of genetically predicted circulating vitamins with risk of MetS and its components using the inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization method. Estimated ORs represent the effect per unit increase in ln-transformed vitamin A and vitamin K1, 1 SD vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin D on MetS traits. The blue circles represent the OR and horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of the OR. P values below the Bonferroni-corrected threshold of 4.63 × 10^–4 are displayed in bold and suggestive P values between 0.05 and 4.63 × 10^–4 are displayed in bold-italic. OR indicates odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; MetS: metabolic syndrome; WC: waist circumference; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglycerides