The impact of patient navigation on glycemic control, adherence to self-care and knowledge about diabetes: an intervention study

Table 3 Analysis of the intervention effect (patient navigation) on glycemic control according to knowledge about diabetes, adherence to self-care, gender, schooling level, and professional occupation (n = 152)

Variables^a	HbA1c Pre-Intervention	HbA1c Post-Intervention	p value^†
Diabetes knowledge questionnaire
Low knowledge	8.4 ± 0.16 (n = 42)	9.1 ± 0.33 (n = 7)	0.028
Satisfactory knowledge	8.5 ± 0.14 (n = 110)	8.2 ± 0.10 (n = 145)	0.013
Self-care inventory revised
Lesser self-care	8.4 ± 0.13 (n = 101)	8.1 ± 0.27 (n = 20)	0.219
Greater self-care	8.5 ± 0.19 (n = 51)	8.3 ± 0.11 (n = 132)	0.144
Gender
Female (n = 85)	8.7 ± 0.18	8.3 ± 0.14	0.006
Male (n = 67)	8.2 ± 0.16	8.2 ± 0.15	0.823
Schooling
Elementary school (n = 35)	8.9 ± 0.32	8.4 ± 0.27
High school (n = 84)	8.4 ± 0.16	8.2 ± 0.13	0.059
Higher education (n = 33)	8.2 ± 0.21	8.1 ± 0.16	0.242
Socioeconomic level
Up to 1 minimum wage	8.7 ± 0.30	8.4 ± 0.25	0.119
From 1 to 3 minimum wages	8.4 ± 0.17	8.3 ± 0.13	0.267
Above 3 minimum wages	8.4 ± 0.22	8.1 ± 0.19	0.131
Injection device
Pen	8.6 ± 0.14	8.3 ± 0.11	0.005
Syringe	8.0 ± 0.25	8.1 ± 0.25	0.435
Occupation
Active (n = 81)	8.4 ± 0.17	8.3 ± 0.14	0.256
Unemployed (n = 19)	8.5 ± 0.42	7.9 ± 0.22	0.105
Retired (n = 52)	8.5 ± 0.20	8.4 ± 0.18	0.228

^aCategorical variables by absolute number and percentile. HbA1c: Glycated Hemoglobin; Satisfactory knowledge was considered 9 or more correct answers; Greater self-care was considered a score greater than or equal to 49; ^†Post hoc test for comparing pre- and post-intervention intergroups. 1 minimum wage is approximately $275

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