Table 3 Associations of lifestyle factors and FPG trajectory groups

Smoking status

 Never

Reference

Reference

 Former

0.99 (0.87, 1.12)

1.05 (0.78, 1.43)

 Current

0.96 (0.88, 1.04)

1.23 (0.99, 1.53)

Drinking status

 Never

Reference

Reference

 Former

1.13 (0.93, 1.39)

1.02 (0.65, 1.63)

 Current

1.18 (1.08, 1.28)***

1.25 (1.01, 1.54)*

Physical activity

 Inactive

Reference

Reference

 Moderate

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

0.91 (0.73, 1.13)

 Active

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)*

0.79 (0.65, 0.97)*

Body mass index, kg/m²

 < 24

Reference

Reference

 24–28

1.54 (1.44, 1.66)***

2.49 (2.04, 3.04)***

 ≥ 28

1.93 (1.66, 2.24)***

4.83 (3.54, 6.59)***

Dietary habits

 Non-daily eating fruits and vegetables

Reference

Reference

 Eating both fruits and vegetables daily

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.96 (0.81, 1.13)

Waist circumference (WC)

 WC < 90 cm (male)/85 cm (female)

Reference

Reference

 WC ≥ 90 cm (male)/85 cm (female)

1.01 (0.90, 1.13)

1.27 (1.01, 1.60)*

Number of healthy lifestyle factors

 0–1

Reference

Reference

 2–3

0.80 (0.67, 0.95)**

0.66 (0.47, 0.92)*

 4

0.74 (0.63, 0.89)***

0.48 (0.34, 0.68)***

 5

0.64 (0.53, 0.76)***

0.30 (0.20, 0.43)***

 6

0.61 (0.51, 0.73)***

0.20 (0.13, 0.32)***