Fig. 1

Effects of DAPA or DAPA combined with exercise on fasting blood glucose, skeletal muscle relative mass, and EDL muscle fiber morphology. (A) The changes in fasting blood glucose pre- and post-intervention. The ratios of the average muscle weights of the right and left Sol, FHL, Gas, and EDL muscles to body weight are shown in panels (B–E). HE and Myosin ATPase staining are shown in panel (F). These images were acquired from six slides per group of six rats at a scale of 50 μm (magnification ×400) and 100 μm (magnification ×200). (G) Myofiber cross-sectional areas were calculated using ImageJ software as the sum of individual myofiber areas within a 400× field of view divided by the total number of intact myofibers (excluding incomplete myofibers at the image edges). (H) The number of type I muscle fibers in each group was determined using ImageJ software. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). Paired samples t-tests were performed for A, while the one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was utilized for B-H (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001)