Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the studied population
Data | N = 152 |
|---|---|
Demographic data | |
Females, n (%) | 91 (59.9) |
Age (years) | 54.79 ± 10.09 |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 42.36 ± 10.67 |
Known diabetes duration (years) | 12.64 ± 8.43 |
Years of school attendance | 9.43 ± 4.36 |
Self-reported color-race (white/non-white), n (%) | 39.5/60.5 |
Positive family history (FH) | |
FH of type 2 diabetes, n(%) | 113 (74.3) |
FH of obesity, n (%) | 65 (42.8) |
FH of hypertension, n (%) | 117 (77.0) |
FH of premature CAD, n (%) | 59 (38.8) |
FH of known thyroid dysfunction, n (%) | 15 (9.9) |
Anthropometric data | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 ± 5.1 |
SBP (mmHg) | 132.2 ± 15.5 |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.9 ± 9.7 |
HR (bpm) | 80.7 ± 13.1 |
Waist (cm) | 99.1 ± 11.2 |
WHR (cm) | 0.97 ± 0.09 |
Classic cardiovascular risk factors | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 114 (75.0) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 131 (86.2) |
Current smokers, n (%) | 13 (8.6) |
Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) | 108 (71.1) |
Current alcohol consumption, n (%) | 62 (40.8) |
Treatment data | |
Basal insulin, n (%) | 84 (55.6) |
Metformin, n (%) | 143 (94.1) |
Statins, n (%) | 118 (77.6) |
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 114 (75.0) |
Aspirin, n (%) | 53 (35.8) |
Diabetes-related chronic complications | |
Retinopathy, yes, n (%) | 51 (34) |
Diabetic renal disease (GFR < 60 ml/min), n (%) | 22 (14.3) |
Neuropathy (self-reported or symptoms), n (%) | 75 (48.7) |
Laboratory data | |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 172.3 ± 86.3 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.7 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 193.3 ± 61.2 |
Triglycerides(mg/dl) | 161 (41–820) |
HDLc (mg/dl) | 57.9 ± 17.9 |
Non_HDL (mg/dl) | 135.4 ± 54.6 |
LDLc (mg/dl) | 95.7 ± 41.2 |
TSH (µUI/ml) | 2.1 ± 1.3 |
FreeT4 (ng/dl) | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
CRP (mg/dl) | 0.51 (0.01–4.29) |
Uric acid (mg/dl) | 6.1 ± 2.2 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 4.7 ± 0.9 |
Albuminuria (mg/g) | 9.5 (0.22–374.06) |
GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 85.6 ± 25.1 |
CIMT data | |
IMT on the right (mm) | 0.66 ± 0.14 |
IMT on the left (mm) | 0.70 ± 0.14 |
IMT on worst side (mm) | 0.70 ± 0.14 |
Vascular age using right CIMT (years) | 54.1 ± 13.5 |
Vascular age using left CIMT (years) | 54.8 ± 13.9 |
Vascular age using worst CIMT (years) | 58.7 ± 14.1 |
Framingham risk score | |
Global FRS | 19.1 ± 13.3 |
FRS with VA on worst side | 22.3 ± 17.8 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |
Aortic diameter (mm) | 32.0 ± 3.7 |
Left atrial diameter (mm) | 35.1 ± 3.3 |
Right ventricular diameter (mm) | 15.9 ± 0.5 |
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 49.2 ± 4.7 |
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm) | 28.9 ± 3.9 |
Interventricular septal thickness (mm) | 8.7 ± 1.2 |
Left ventricular mass (g) | 152.8 ± 38.9 |
EF (%) | 71.8 ± 6.1 |
Left ventricular end-systolic volume | 33.0 ± 11.4 |
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume | 115.7 ± 25.3 |
Left atrial diameter fraction-shortening (%) | 58.5 ± 5.1 |
End-diastolic thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (mm) | 9.3 ± 7.4 |