Variables | NC (n = 30) | DM (n = 30) | DM-HF (n = 25) | DAPA (n = 20) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male (%) | 50 | 53 | 40 | 55 |
 Age (years) | 59.2 ± 9.3 | 63.6 ± 8.1 | 69.7 ± 6.9 | 67.2 ± 12.8 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 2.8 | 24.9 ± 3.8 | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 25.5 ± 3.3# |
 SBP (mmHg) | 132.3 ± 15.2 | 147.2 ± 19.9 | 151.9 ± 21.8 | 135.4 ± 16.1# |
 Heart rate (bpm) | 72.0 ± 9.5 | 73.6 ± 9.5 | 75.5 ± 11.8 | 77.6 ± 12.5 |
 FBG (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 9.2 ± 2.3* | 7.4 ± 2.1# |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 8.6 ± 1.4* | 7.5 ± 0.9# |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.3 |
 TG (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.8 |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 92.0 ± 11.5 | 90.2 ± 12.1 | 70.4 ± 22.5* | 95.2 ± 25.6# |
 NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 92.6 ± 85.5 | 100.3 ± 74.6 | 1095.0 ± 910.4* | 294.5 ± 391.9# |
Echocardiographic parameters | Â | |||
 LVMI (g/m2) | 92.6 ± 19.5 | 99.1 ± 27.0 | 115.4 ± 38.3 | 104.8 ± 27.9# |
 LVEDD (mm) | 46.9 ± 5.2 | 48.4 ± 4.2 | 49.9 ± 7.8 | 48.8 ± 8.3 |
 LVESD (mm) | 30.4 ± 3.5 | 31.6 ± 4.2 | 33.9 ± 7.1 | 34.5 ± 9.9 |
 IVSD (mm) | 9.7 ± 1.7 | 10.1 ± 2.8 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | 11.0 ± 1.6 |
 LVPWT (mm) | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.6 |
 LA (mm) | 34.3 ± 3.4 | 36.4 ± 4.5 | 40.4 ± 5.1* | 39.2 ± 4.7 |
 LVEF (%) | 64.6 ± 5.5 | 63.4 ± 7.3 | 60.5 ± 9.4 | 60.6 ± 7.8 |
 E/e' | 9.2 ± 2.6 | 10.1 ± 2.8 | 12.8 ± 3.7* | 10.7 ± 2.5# |
 E/A | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |